14+Heat+Energy

__**Heat Energy & it's Effects on Phase Changes**__

__Phases of Matter -__


 * Solid (many molecules packed in a space, least amount of atomic movement, definite shape and volume)


 * Liquid (medium amount of molecules in a space, some atomic movement, definite volume, indefinite shape)


 * Gas (small amount of molecules in a space, much atomic movement, indefinite shape and volume)


 * Plasma (superheated gas that does not always apply to the laws of phase change)




 * How does heat energy affect phases of matter?**


 * When heat is a applied to matter, it causes the molecules in the matter to vibrate more quickly.


 * When the molecules vibrate quicker, the phase of the matter can change, because the vibrations can alter the composition of the matter.


 * To melt 1 gram of ice, 80 calories are needed, and to evaporate 1 gram of water 540 calories are needed.


 * Whenever a substance changes phase, a transfer of energy occurs.


 * A solid must absorb energy to melt, and a liquid must absorb energy to vaporize.


 * Heat of fusion is the amount of energy required to change a substance from solid to liquid. (Heat of fusion for water is 80 calories/gram.)


 * Heat of vaporization is the amount of energy required to change a substance from liquid to gas. (Heat of vaporization for water is 540 calories/gram.)


 * 1 Calorie is needed to change the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree.


 * 1 Calorie (big C) = 1,000 calories (little c).