19+Light

__**Properties of Light**__ A light wave consists of energy in the form of electric and magnetic fields, and are sometimes referred to as electromagnetic radiation. Light waves can travel through a vacuum. Light waves also come in many frequencies. Visible light is referred to as color. Violet has the most energy and red the least.
 * Light by: Olivia Yurick and Mike Forella**

__**Producing a Photon**__ Photons are produced when an electron in a higher-than-normal orbital falls back into its normal orbit. During that movement, the electron emits a photon.

__**Making Colors**__ White-a combination of colors: yellow and blue, magenta and green , cyan and red , and all of the colors. Red and Blue = Magenta Red and Green = Yellow Green and Blue =Cyan

Another way to make colors is to remove them from the white light combination. The absorbed colors are the ones you see. The reflected frequencies are what you see as the color of the object.
 * __Colors By Subtraction__**


 * __Waves can be...__**


 * __ Reflected/Scattered __**- The atoms in some materials hold on to their electrons loosely. In other words, the materials contain many free electrons that can jump readily from one atom to another within the material. When the electrons in this type of material absorb energy from an incoming light wave, they do not pass that energy on to other atoms. The energized atoms vibrate and send the energy back out of the object as a light wave with the same frequency as the incoming wave. The overall effect is that the light wave does not penetrate deeply into the material. A reflected wave always comes off at an angle equal to the angle at which the incoming wave hit the surface.[[image:light-arrow-reflection.jpg]]


 * __ Transmission __**- The frequency or energy of the incoming light wave is much higher or much lower than the frequency needed to make the electrons in the material vibrate, then the electrons will not capture the energy of the light, and the wave will pass through the material unchanged. As a result, the material will be transparent to that frequency of light.

__** Refracted **__- Refraction occurs when the energy of an incoming light wave matches the natural vibration frequency of the electrons in a material. The light wave penetrates deeply into the material, and causes small vibrations in the electrons. The electrons pass these vibrations on to the atoms in the material, and they send out light waves of the same frequency as the incoming wave. But this all takes time. The part of the wave inside the material slows down, while the part of the wave outside the object maintains its original frequency. This has the effect of bending the portion of the wave inside the object toward what is called the **normal line**, an imaginary straight line that runs perpendicular to the surface of the object. The deviation from the normal line of the light inside the object will be less than the deviation of the light before it entered the object. The amount of bending, or **angle of refraction**, of the light wave depends on how much the material slows down the light. Diamonds would not be so glittery if they did not slow down incoming light much more than, say, water does. Diamonds have a higher **index of refraction** than water, which is to say that they slow down light to a greater degree. One interesting note about refraction is that light of different frequencies, or **energies**, will bend at slightly different angles. Let's compare violet light and red light when they enter a glass prism. Because violet light has more energy, it takes longer to interact with the glass. As such, it is slowed down to a greater extent than a wave of red light, and will be bent to a greater degree.